![]() ![]() This used a rack and pinion system designed and patented in 1811 by John Blenkinsop. ![]() The first cog railway was the Middleton Railway between Middleton and Leeds in West Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom, where the first commercially successful steam locomotive, Salamanca, ran in 1812. Most rack railways are mountain railways, although a few are transit railways or tramways built to overcome a steep gradient in an urban environment. This allows the trains to operate on steep grades above 10%, which is the maximum for friction-based rail. The trains are fitted with one or more cog wheels or pinions that mesh with this rack rail. Functioning of the rack and pinion on the Strub systemĪ rack railway (also rack-and-pinion railway, cog railway, or cogwheel railway) is a steep grade railway with a toothed rack rail, usually between the running rails. ![]()
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